Burns and Scalds in Children

Everyday moments can turn risky in an instant when young children encounter hot surfaces, scalding liquids, or household chemicals, leading to unexpected burns and scald injuries. This article covers the different types of burns that can occur in children, how burns are classified, and treatment methods.

Types of Burns That Children Can Experience

Burns in children can originate from several different sources, including:

Thermal Burns: These occur due to contact with hot objects, such as flames, hot liquids, or hot surfaces. Thermal burns are the most common type of burn in children and are often caused by scalds from hot drinks or hot tap water.
Chemical Burns: Exposure to corrosive substances like household cleaners or strong acids can cause chemical burns. These injuries can continue to worsen until the chemical is thoroughly removed from the skin.
Electrical Burns: These occur when a child comes into contact with an electrical current, which can cause damage beneath the skin even if there is no obvious external injury.
Radiation Burns: Prolonged exposure to the sun or other sources of radiation can cause burns, which may lead to painful and red skin.

How Are Burns Classified?

Burns are classified based on the depth of the skin damage, which affects the severity of the burn injury:

First-Degree Burns: These are superficial burns that affect only the outer layer of the skin, causing redness, mild swelling, and pain. First-degree burns are usually considered a minor burn and can heal within a few days.
Second-Degree Burns (Partial Thickness Burns): These burns affect both the outer layer and the underlying layer of the skin, resulting in blisters, severe pain, and swelling. The skin may appear moist and red.
Third-Degree Burns: Also known as full-thickness burns, these penetrate through all layers of the skin and may affect underlying tissues. Third-degree burns can cause the skin to look charred or white and can be painless due to nerve damage. They are considered a serious injury and require immediate medical attention.

Causes of Burns and Scalds

Burns and scalds in children often occur in everyday settings. Some common causes include:

Hot Liquids and Hot Drinks: Young children can easily be scalded by hot liquids or steam from hot drinks, soups, or boiling water. A spill can cause severe burns in seconds.
Hot Tap Water: Bath water that is too hot can scald a child’s skin. It is essential to test the temperature before placing a child in the water.
Flames and Heated Surfaces: Direct contact with flames, stoves, heaters, or heated appliances can cause thermal burns.
Electrical Outlets and Cords: Chewing on electrical cords or inserting objects into outlets can result in electrical burns.
Household Chemicals: Cleaning products, gasoline, or other corrosive chemicals can lead to chemical burns if they come into contact with the skin.

How to Treat Burns and Scald Injuries in Children

Quick and appropriate treatment can help stop the burning process and reduce complications:

Cool the Burn: For minor burns, hold the affected area under cool (not cold) water for up to three hours to help reduce pain and swelling. Avoid using ice, as it can further damage the skin.
Remove the Child’s Clothing: If clothing is soaked with hot liquid or chemicals, carefully remove it to prevent further injury. However, do not peel away clothing stuck to the skin.
Cover the Burn: Use a clean, non-stick bandage or cloth to loosely cover the burn. This helps protect the area from infection.
Seek Medical Attention: For partial thickness burns, third-degree burns, or burns that cover a large portion of the body, see a healthcare professional immediately.
Avoid Home Remedies: Do not apply butter, oils, or creams to the burn, as these can trap heat and worsen the injury.

Ways to Prevent Burns and Scalds in Children

Preventive measures are key to reducing the risk of burn injuries in children. Here are some effective strategies:

Lower Water Heater Temperature: Set your water heater to below 120°F (49°C) to prevent hot tap water burns.
Keep Hot Liquids Out of Reach: Place hot drinks and other hot liquids away from the edge of tables and countertops.
Install Safety Covers on Electrical Outlets: Use outlet covers and keep electrical cords out of reach to prevent electrical burns.
Use Sunscreen: Apply sunscreen on your child before outdoor activities to prevent radiation burns from sun exposure.
Supervise Cooking Activities: Keep children away from the kitchen when cooking, and never leave pots or pans with hot contents unattended.

Helping Your Child Recover from Burn Injuries

If you suspect a burn is more than just a minor injury, it’s always best to consult a healthcare professional for guidance.

For comprehensive pediatric care, contact After Hours Kids in Austin, TX. Our team is here to provide expert guidance and care when you need it most. Schedule an appointment today to ensure your child’s health and safety!

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